Analysis Interpersonal Meaning: Media Observation Genre - Coursework Example

ANALYSIS INTERPERSONAL MEANING: MEDIA OBSERVATION GENRE By (Name) Institution Instructor Class/Course City Date Introduction The critical discourse analysis based on the interpersonal meaning of the media observation focuses on the ideologies that set their background from the literal texts and suggest complementary perspectives on language renovation (Caffarel, et al., 2004). More importantly, it encompasses language evaluation and the narrative context of the Fukushima case written as ‘‘the Fukushima, a year on: 3,000 workers take on the twisted steel and radiation’’ adopted from the Tuesday Feb 28th Guardian Weekly of 2012. This case forms the discussion paper, and is the report upon which analysis and interpretation of the feeling at that time will take place. Apart from the introduction, the theoretical analysis looks into the functionalism of linguistics as used in the discourse (such as genre analysis) and appraisal analysis. Finally, the paper adopts a comprehensive conclusion that that cement the facts about interpersonal meaning. Genre analysis Genre refers to the abstract, as well as socially acknowledges ways of language use. This paper begins with the discussion of genre and the stages of genre. The textual content in this case is not a hard new story since it constructs time sequence and it moves from place to place .This paper focuses also on the linguistic observation of the literal textual components through observation stages that are comprehensively followed by comment stages after the introduction sequence. The analysis stage looks into the macro-genre that reveals the contextual literacy that are intertwined within the writers report and representation as illustrated by Martin (2004). Basically, and within the context of the Fukushima case study, the iterations of observation stages represent the writer moving across the landscape, so the text unfolds in time at the same time as it unfolds in space .It locates some observation ‘evacuation’, ‘town’ and villages. The analysis in this paper is staged through observation and comments that followed, that dictates the literal and linguistic analysis of the component of feeling of the writer, Justin McCurry, such as affect, appreciation, judgment, and engagement. All these texts illustrate the literal attitudes in the case.The purpose of this text is to represent events that are socially relevant. According to Martin and White (2005), affect basically analyses the feeling of an individual based on a situation, circumstance or stage positively or negatively. Affect looks into the state of the individual emotions, anxiety, confidence, or interests that expresses the state of the individualistic feelings. Concerning the development of attitude as a discourse semantic system, there are much expectation of the a diversified range of grammatical structures to be realized from the following analysis and will examine the affect of the writer or the report, in terms of positive affect or negative affect. The affects modifies the literal feeling into modifications of effective mental and behavioural processes, as well as modal adjustments, such as quality, process, behavioural, and comments. Judgment, according to Caffarel, et al. (2004), deals with the attitude towards behaviour that can make an individual or group of individuals to admire, criticize, recommend, praise, or condemn a person, situation, policy, institution, etc. Judgment examines the region of meaning that construe attitudes towards others and how they behave and their characters. Generally, judgment is categorized under social esteem (normality, capacity and tenacity) and social sanction (veracity and propriety). Appreciation on the other hand involves evaluation of natural and the semiotic factors based on how they are valued and given from the field. Appreciation directly depends on the report that turns into evaluation of things. Appreciation comprises of reactions of things (attention) and their composition (balance and complexity) as well as their value (innovation, authentic, and timely). Graduation involves qualifying the feeling, attitude, appreciation, judgment as well as the affects in order to make some literal and semantic sense. Theoretical Background The analysis in this paper is based on the theoretical work of systematic functional linguistics. It draws it theory from the metafunctions of language in a social activity. It is therefore basically concerned with three general social functions; interpersonal, ideational, and textual. Interpersonal metafunctions tries to enact people’s relationship, while the ideational function on the other hand tries to represent peoples’ experience. The analysis of this paper is also based on the theoretical rules on appraisal system that is critical in the analysis of the interpersonal system. Martin and Rose (2007) consider evaluation of attitudes as a communication within discourse. According to the implications of Martin and Rose (p25), for the different kinds of attitudes that are negotiated in a text, the strength of the feelings involved and the ways in which values are sourced and readers are aligned. In this case, there are three basic systems for appraisal attitude and graduation. Whereas the textual metafunctions to organize discourse as meaningful text. Attitude There are three fundamentals of attitudes. They include; affect, judgment, and appreciation. Attitudes can be positive or negative. However, affect evaluates people’s feeling while judgment evaluates people’s characters or behaviours and appreciation evaluates things. The table below shows the classification of the positive and the negative attitudes. Components of Attitude Positive Attitude Negative Attitude Affect: Dis/Inclination Un/happiness In/security Contain Abandoned, roared Alive, awe Sad, sick at heart, heart broken, depressed, low, down fleeing Safe, well protected, safety Deserted, mangled, fleeing, catastrophe, collapsed ,damaged, coiled, explosion, panic Judgment Admire (positive) Criticize (negative) rise above twisted , rarely, disused Catastrophic, ruptured rubble uninhabitable More critically, affect values are categorised into three sub-categories such as un/happiness, in/security and dis/sastification. Appreciation on the other hand has three types such as reaction, composition, and valuation. Graduation Graduation is defined as the values by which human graduates raise or lower their interpersonal affect, force or volume of their utterances. It is also the values by which they graduate blue or sharpen the focus on their semantic classifications. Ideational Analysis Ideation refers to the literal aspect of forming ideas and relating them in their contexts in terms of events and activities that individuals do. Through ideation, literal texts are conceived, generated, and implemented, the ideas that are basically resulting from the mental activities from one opinion, knowledge, convictions, principles, or thoughts to another. Through the aspect of conceptualization, the Fukushima case has components of the ideation as presented in the following analysis. In this analysis, let, Green represent participant Blue represent process, and Red to represent circumstance The participants Right from the topic, there is familiarity of the people participating in this case with the circumstance, the radiation effects of the Fukushima. The process in this case from the start as indicated in the text below involves the 3000 workers fighting to control the radiation, a year after the radiation disaster. Fukushima, a year on: 3,000 workers [concrete: specialized] take [process: doing] on the twisted steel [circumstance: place] and radiation [concrete: specialized] In the attached text as appendix 2, the processes, participants in the processes, both human and non-human are directly involved in the radiation circumstance in all the stages, the observation, the comments and the orientation of the text. From the text below, it can be seen explicitly in the following extracts from the middle part of the texts the role of human participants. Workers [concrete: everyday] keep [process: doing] well protected [range: quality] inside [circumstance] the Fukushima nuclear plant's emergency operation centre [concrete: specialized] In the text above, the divergent using of the dominant human being participants in the two texts mainly relates to the nature of the crisis happened in the text. It shows that people are used to the problem of dangerous radiation since this text focuses on the negative influence of radiation that has occurred on the workers (people) and the region. The process In the text, the processes involved have been very important in revealing the reality as well as describing what happened in the disasters. Processes, as described earlier, are ‘used to represent experience as sequence of events unfolding over the time. For instance, the texts below illustrate the unfolding of the process of fighting radiation in the shortest time possible and link the processes with the participants and the radiation circumstance in Fukushima, for instance, .....The remains of the reactors are still [process: being] some distance away circumstance] when you [concrete: everyday] first notice the sheer destruction [grammatical metaphor] of Japan's nuclear disaster [abstract: technical]. The journey into the heart of the world's worst nuclear crisis [abstract: technical] since Chernobyl [concrete: specialized] begins [process: doing] in the towns [circumstance] and villages [concrete: everyday] that exist in name only, their residents [concrete: specialized] having been sent [process: having] fleeing a year ago [circumstance: time]..... Circumstance The nuclear reaction and its radiation effects is the situation that the 3000 workers in this case are tying to control even though the success is limited to the time period that they take. The circumstance tries to demonstrate the depth of the activities the participant are involved and also the effect of the situation. In this case, the participants are trying to control the situation, using various processes. For instance, the text below illustrates the antagonism between the participants in the texts with the circumstance. ...... The remains of the reactors are still [process: being] some distance away circumstance] when you [concrete: everyday] first notice the sheer destruction [grammatical metaphor] of Japan's nuclear disaster [abstract: technical]. The journey into the heart of the world's worst nuclear crisis [abstract: technical] since Chernobyl [concrete: specialized] begins [process: doing] in the towns [circumstance]..... Appraisal analysis According to Martin (2001), appraisal analysis is the system that looks into the interpersonal meanings. Resources are used in appraisals in order to negotiate the social relationship that exists in texts and genres and shows them to the readers and listeners about the feelings about people, situations or things (attitude). Under written literacy, the interactive nature of the discourse is negotiated through affects, appreciations, judgment, as well as graduation, whereby evaluations of the situations are made accordingly (Caffarel, et al., 2004). Basically, the appraisal analysis comprehensively analyses these texts and extract the real attitude so as to evaluate things, characters, feelings, tensions, and the current situation of the Fukushima case after the nuclear disaster that happened lately in 2012. In this case therefore there are three aspects of appraisal used to illustrate the feeling of the writer of this report. They include amplification of the writer’s own attitude, evaluation of the textual attitude (in terms of affect or feeling, judgment or character, and appreciation or value) as portrayed by the writer, and exploration (source) of the literal components in the genre (Martin and White, 2005). These tree aspects form the basic system of appraisal. Through the synopsis of Justin McCurry report, the attitude is highly evaluative when he describes the intense circumstances that clearly illustrate his feeling of the Fukushima nuclear site where 3,000 workers took on the twisted steel and radiation in their effort to take control of the situation. In the flowing passage, McCurry outlines his attitude towards the area that connects the nuclear plant explosion effects with the inhabitation of the area which has remained deserted. The passage, through the described literal components intertwine the scene, the environment, people, determination the character of the writer, and the emotions (or feeling) of those involved. Out in the evacuation zone, cars lie abandoned and groceries sit untouched – but the mangled nuclear plant is alive with activity. The situation seems scary considering the abandoned cars and groceries that remain untouched for a long period of time. However, the cause of all these problems, the exploded nuclear plant still is active and not yet contained. The writer shows his determination to analyse further into the scene and shows the security threat of the situation as well illustrated by the workers in the emergency operation centre just in case described, in the following passage, Workers keep well protected inside the Fukushima nuclear plant's emergency operation centre. The following passage shows the relationship between the current situation (aftermath) and what caused the disaster that claimed million-worth of properties in Japan. The residents of the nearby areas had long deserted the area and this shows the sorrowful feeling of the writer as well as the loneliness of the area without people, but also very dangerous. The attitude and the affect of the situation, as the imagination of people fleeing during the explosion of the Fukushima nuclear plant in 2012 starts, leaving the entire region unoccupied, changes instantly. The remains of the reactors are still some distance away when you first notice the sheer destruction of Japan's nuclear disaster. The journey into the heart of the world's worst nuclear crisis since Chernobyl begins in the towns and villages that exist in name only, their residents having been sent fleeing a year ago. The following texts illustrate the position of the area in terms of how wrecked the place became after people had deserted the place during the explosion, Homes and shops lie empty, the roads are deserted In the town of Naraha, groceries sit untouched on the shelves of a convenience store A handful of cars punctuate a supermarket car park, abandoned by their owners amid the panic that followed the first explosion The sympathetic feeling of the writer towards the 3000 workers on the site becomes clear as they join in the mission to save the plant from bringing further crisis. The passage below amplifies the reaction and awakens the feeling of sacrifice as sourced from the writer towards the aiming workers at the plant. There are few signs of the 3,000 workers on site – a small portion of the many thousands who have joined the mission to save the plant from an even greater catastrophe. Pockets of workers in protective suits huddle around coiled pipes and hoses used to feed and recycle coolant to the damaged reactors. In the distance are rows of tanks containing tens of thousands of tones of radioactive water drawn from the reactors' flooded basements. According to the reporter, all though the world praises the speed with which Japan has contained the crisis, there is still much to be done especially along the Fukushima Daiichi waterfront where the removal of debris deposited by the waves never really began. This passage, as illustrated below shows the feeling of desperation amidst praise. The mix attitude, the positivity of the negativity out of the dangerous situation shows the position of the writer of this text. Consider the passage below, The world is in awe of the speed with which Japan has cleared tsunami rubble….. But along the Fukushima Daiichi ……. never really began. This feeling is also sounded by a third party, Saori Kanesaki, who also argues that it used to be his job to confirm the safety of the plant before, but not currently. This assertion by the third party as the source of opinion in discourse is an important variable as illustrated by Martin and White (2005) that is needed in keeping track of the evaluation analysis. Conclusion Attitude is well examined by how it is appraised through feelings, character, and values. The judgment of the character and the apprehension of the behaviour or characteristics of a person or situation as well as the amplification of the same attitude are very vital in critical discourse analysis as well as in perspectives language renovation. Based on the case study above of the Fukushima Nuclear Plant, it is plausibly very clear that the metaphoric level and the grammatical content of the writer help explain the macro-genre of the whole case and legitimize the writers own case study and attitude (Caffarel, et al., 2004). Critical analysis (appraisal) warrant the reader, the viewer, or the listener to understand the situation as it is as form some judgment of the situation. More importantly, judgment of such cases comes after the feeling is imparted directly from the writer or the reporter, using the third party (intermediate) that helps in appraising the literal discourse of the attitude and therefore graduation. From writer’s perspective (feeling), the world praises the speed at which Japan has risen to control the Fukushima Nuclear Plant crisis, but the crisis is seriously very far from control. This inserts parallel attitude and judgment of the situation in and around the plant, considering how the region has been deserted within no hope of returning within this decade. References Caffarel, A., Martin J R, & Matthiessen, C M. 2004. Language typology: A function perspective. Amstardam: Benjamins. Hood, S. In press for 2010. Appraising research: Evaluation in academic writing. London: Palgrave. Janks, H. & Ivanic, R. 2002. CLA and Emanicatory Doscourse. Critical Language Awareness. Ed. N. Fairclogh.London, Longman: pp305-331. Martin, J.R. 2001. Critical Literacy: The Role of a Functional Model of Language. Australian Journal of Reading :( 14.2): pp 117-132. Martin, J.R. and White, P.R.R., .2005. The language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English. New York: Plgrave Macmillan. Martin, J.R., .2001. Technicality and Abstraction: Language for the Creation of specialized Texts. Readers Routledge, London. Martin, J.R., .2004. Positive discourse analysis: solidarity and change. Revista Canaria De Estudios Ingleses, no 49, pp179-200. Montgomery, B. M., & Duck, S. (1991). Studying interpersonal interaction. New York, Guilford Press. Rose, D,. 2006. Metaphors, Grammatical: The Encyclopaedia of Language & Linguistics, Elsevier Ltd, Sydney, Australia. Schiffrin, D., Tannen, D., & Hamilton, H. E. (2001). The handbook of discourse analysis. Malden, Mass, Blackwell Publishers. http://public.eblib.com/EBLPublic/PublicView.do?ptiID=351554. Widdowson, H. G. (2004). Text, context, pretext critical issues in discourse analysis. Malden, MA, Blackwell Pub. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10233028. Appendix: 1 Italics-graduation Bold-inscribed attitude Blue-appreciation Green-judgement Red-affect Headline Fukushima, a year on: 3,000 workers take on the twisted [-intensification] steel and radiation By line Justin McCurry witnessed and reported the case in Fukushima where 3,000 workers take on the twisted steel and radiation Kicker Out in the evacuation zone, cars lie abandoned [-quantification] and groceries sit untouched [-quantification] – but the mangled [-composition]nuclear plant is alive [metaphor] with activity. Caption Workers keep well protected [-security] inside the Fukushima nuclear plant's emergency operation centre. Photograph: Reuters Orientation The remains of the reactors are still [+intensification] some distance away when you first [+extent] notice the sheer destruction [composition] of Japan's nuclear disaster [-valuation]. The journey into the heart of the world's worst [+intensification: quality] nuclear crisis [-reaction] since Chernobyl begins in the towns and villages that exist in name only, their residents having been sent fleeing[-disinclination]a year ago. Observation Homes and shops lie empty [+intensification (disposition) [metaphor], the roads are deserted [-quantification],. In the town of Naraha, groceries sit untouched [-intensification (process)] on the shelves of a convenience store; a handful of cars punctuate [metaphor], a supermarket car park, abandoned [-intensification (process)] by their owners amid the panic [-security] that followed the first explosion at one of the Fukushima Daiichi plant's reactor buildings. Most of the buildings that lie just inside the (20km) nuclear evacuation zone – even the grand [+quantification] wooden homes – withstood the violent [-reaction] seismic shifts unleashed by a magnitude-9.0 [+quantification:] earthquake on the afternoon of 11 March. Comment But, as the Guardian witnessed on a rare trip to the nuclear plant, the destruction [-composition] is more insidious [-valuation] than collapsed [-composition] roofs and ruptured [-composition] tarmac. Almost everywhere, beeping [+intensification (process)] monitors alert visitors to the invisible foe:metaphor radiation. Observation (realised as multiple ‘snapshot’ phases) Further into the evacuation zone, near a disused [-intensification (process)] public relations office belonging to the plant's owner, Tokyo Electric Power (Tepco), radiation levels rise to 2 microsieverts/hour [+quantification: amount] (the normal background level is 0.2-0.3). The readings soar[+intnsfication] to 35 microsieverts/hour in Okuma, near the plant's perimeter, where residents have been told their former homes could remain uninhabitable [-valuation] for decades. Fukushima Daiichi covers a huge [+intensification (process)] swath of land stretching [+intensification (process)] from its hilltop entrance down to the coast, where its six reactors were easy targets for the 14-metre tsunami that roared [metaphor] ashore soon after the quake. From a vantage point to the south of the site it is easy[+ inclination] to see the mangled [-composition] innards of reactor buildings No 3 and 4 and, behind them, the vinyl shroud[metaphor] covering the No 1 reactor – the first unit to suffer a hydrogen explosion last March. There are few [-quantification] signs of the 3,000 workers [+quantification: size] on site – a small portion of the many thousands [+quantification] who have joined the mission [quantification] to save the plant from an even greater catastrophe [-reaction]. Pockets [ metaphor]of workers in protective suits huddle [+intensification (process) around coiled pipes and hoses used to feed and recycle coolant to the damaged [–composition: balance] reactors. In the distance are rows of tanks containing tens of thousands of tonnes of radioactive water drawn from the reactors' flooded [+quantification] basements. While temperatures inside the reactors have stayed below [-intensification (process)] the required boiling point, radiation is still too high for workers to enter some areas. The utility's contamination map shows radiation inside reactor No 3 as high as 1,500 microsieverts/hour [+quantification: amount]. The world is in awe[+social esteem] of the speed with which Japan has cleared tsunami rubble [+intensification (process) from other stretches of its north-east coast. But along the Fukushima Daiichi waterfront, the removal of debris deposited by the waves never really [-quantification] began. The seawall, which failed to hold back the ocean on 11 March, is no more. Instead, piles of mesh sacks filled with rocks are all that separate the water from the exposed bowels [+intensification (process) [metaphor] of the reactors' turbine buildings. Work in this area of the plant is all but impossible[-valuation]. "Most of the workers here perform a two-hour shift in the morning and again in the afternoon," says Katsuhiko Iwaki, deputy manager of the Fukushima Daiichi stabilisation centre. "But there are areas where the dosages are so high [+quantification]they can only stay for two or three minutes … just enough time to connect a hose before their alarms signal it's time to leave." Avert your gaze from the gaping[+quantification] holes in the reactor walls and you could have stumbled[metaphor ]upon an unwieldy [composition] building site. Comment Only the mission here is not to rebuild, but to dismantle. The success [+valuation] of the operation to remove melted nuclear fuel from the reactors – a process that will not start for 10 years – will depend on the hundreds [+quantification] of Tepco staff hunkered over [+social esteem] computer screens in the plant's emergency control room. Voices rarely [-intensification (process)] rise above a murmur as experts[+social esteem] analyse data, while two large [quantification]screens on a wall link the room, where the air is filtered[+quantification], to the situation outside and Tepco's headquarters in Tokyo. No one can say when, or if, the stirrings of civic life will be seen in the deserted [-quantification] communities around Fukushima Daiichi. And amid the opprobrium directed at Tepco's corporate culture, it is easy to forget the victims [-social esteem] include men, and a small number of women, who are witnessing the recovery effort from the inside. Saori Kanesaki, who once guided visitors around Fukushima Daiichi, is one of 16,000 residents [+quantification: size] of Tomioka who were driven from their homes last March. "Before the accident it was my job to tell visitors that nuclear power was safe [+valuation]," says Kanesaki, who now works at the plant for a Tepco affiliate. "But given the situation, if I were to tell them that now … I would be lying [-social: sanction]." Appendix 2 Headline Fukushima, a year on: 3,000 workers [concrete: specialized] take [process: doing] on the twisted steel [circumstance: place] and radiation [concrete: specialized] Byline Justin McCurry in Fukushima Kicker Out in [circumstance] the evacuation zone [concrete: specialized], cars lie [process: doing] abandoned[range] and groceries [concrete: everyday] sit [process: behaviour] untouched[range] – but the mangled nuclear plant is [process: being] alive with activity. Caption Workers [concrete: everyday] keep [process: doing] well protected [range: quality] inside [circumstance] the Fukushima nuclear plant's emergency operation centre [concrete: specialized]. Photograph: Reuters Orientation The remains of the reactors are still [process: being] some distance away circumstance] when you [concrete: everyday] first notice the sheer destruction [grammatical metaphor] of Japan's nuclear disaster [abstract: technical]. The journey into the heart of the world's worst nuclear crisis [abstract: technical] since Chernobyl [concrete: specialized] begins [process: doing] in the towns [circumstance] and villages [concrete: everyday] that exist in name only, their residents [concrete: specialized] having been sent [process: having] fleeing a year ago [circumstance: time]. Observation Homes [concrete: everyday] and shops [concrete: everyday] lie [process: doing] empty, the roads [concrete: everyday] are [process: being] deserted. In the town of Narara [circumstance: place], groceries [concrete] sit[process: behaviour] untouched on the shelves of a convenience store;[circumstance :place] a handful of cars[lexical metaphor] punctuate[process: being] a supermarket car park, abandoned by their owners[concrete: specialized] amid the panic that followed the first explosion [concrete: specialized]at one of the Fukushima Daiichi plant's reactor buildings.[circumstance] Most of the buildings [concrete] that lie [process: doing] just inside the (20km)[circumstance] nuclear evacuation zone[concrete: specialized] – even the grand wooden homes – withstood the violent[abstract: institutional] seismic shifts[abstract: technical] unleashed by a magnitude-9.0[circumstance] earthquake[concrete: specialized] on the afternoon of 11 March [circumstance:time]. Comment But, as the Guardian witnessed on a rare trip to the nuclear plant, the destruction [grammatical metaphor: process] is [process: being] more insidious than collapsed roofs and ruptured tarmac. Almost everywhere, beeping [process: doing] monitors alert visitors to the invisible foe: radiation [concrete: specialized]. Observation (realised as multiple ‘snapshot’ phases) Further into the evacuation zone [concrete: specialized], near a disused public relations office belonging to the plant's owner, Tokyo Electric Power (Topco), radiation levels [abstract: generic] rise to 2 micro Sieverts/hour [abstract: generic] (the normal background level is 0.2-0.3). The readings soar[process: doing] to 35 micro Sieverts/hour in Okuma, near the plant's perimeter, where residents [concrete] have been told [process: saying] their former homes [concrete: specialized] could remain [process: ] uninhabitable[range] for decades. Fukushima Daiichi [concrete] covers [process: doing] a huge swath of land stretching [process: doing] from its hilltop entrance down to the Coast [circumstance], where its six reactors were [process: being] easy targets for the 14-metre tsunami that roared [process: doing] ashore soon after the quake. From a vantage point to the south of the site it [concrete: everyday] is [process: being] easy to see the mangled innards of reactor buildings No 3 and 4 and, behind [circumstance] them, the vinyl shroud covering [process: doing] the No 1 reactor – the first unit to suffer [process: doing] a hydrogen explosion last March [circumstance: time]. There [concrete: everyday] are [process: being] few signs [abstract: technical] of the 3,000 workers on site – a small portion of the many thousands who have joined the mission to save the plant from an even greater catastrophe. Pockets of workers in protective suits huddle around coiled pipes and hoses used to feed and recycle coolant to the damaged [metaphoric: process] reactors. In the distance [circumstance] are [process: being] rows of tanks containing [process: doing] tens of thousands of tonnes of radioactive water drawn from [abstract: generic] the reactors' flooded basements. While temperatures inside [circumstance] the reactors have stayed [process :doing] below[circumstance] the required boiling point, radiation[concrete: specialized] is still [process: being]too high for workers to enter some areas. The utility's contamination map[concrete:specialized] shows [process: doing] radiation inside reactor No 3 as high as 1,500 micro Sieverts/hour [abstract: technical]. The world [concrete:everyday] is [process: being] in awe of the speed [circumstance] with which Japan [concrete: specialized] has cleared [process: doing] tsunami rubble from other stretches of its north-east coast. But along the Fukushima Daiichi waterfront, the removal of debris deposited by the waves never really began. The seawall l[concrete :everyday], which failed to hold back the ocean on 11 March, is [process: being] no more. Instead, piles of mesh sacks filled [process: doing] with rocks [concrete: everyday] are [process: being] all that separate the water from the exposed bowels of the reactors' turbine buildings. Work in this area of the plant is [process: being] all but impossible. "Most of the workers [concrete: everyday] here perform [process: doing] a two-hour shift in the morning and again in the afternoon [circumstance]," says [process: saying] Katsuhiko Iwaki, deputy manager of the Fukushima Daiichi stabilisation centre. "But there are[process: being] areas where the dosages are [process :being]so high they[concrete: everyday] can only stay[process :doing] for two or three minutes[circumstance] … just enough time to connect a hose before their alarms signal it's time to leave." Avert your gaze from the gaping holes in the reactor walls and you [concrete: everyday] could have stumbled [process: doing] upon an unwieldy building site. Comment Only the mission here is [process: being] not to rebuild, but to dismantle. The success of the operation to remove melted nuclear fuel from the reactors – a process that will not start [process: doing] for 10 years [circumstance] – will depend on the hundreds of Tepco staff [concrete: specialized] hunkered over computer screens in the plant's emergency control room. Voices rarely rise [process: doing] above a murmur as experts [concrete: everyday] analyse[process: doing] data, while two large screens [concrete: specialized] on a wall [circumstance]link[ process :doing] the room[concrete:everyday], where the air [concrete: everyday] is [process: being] filtered, to the situation outside and Tepco's headquarters [concrete: everyday] in Tokyo [circumstance]. No one[concrete :everyday] can say [process: saying] when, or if, the stirrings of civic life[concrete :everyday] will be seen [process : being] in the deserted communities around Fukushima[circumstance] Daiichi. And amid the opprobrium directed at Tepco's corporate culture, it [concrete: everyday] is [process: being] easy to forget the victims [concrete: everyday] include[process :being] men [concrete: everyday], and a small number of women, who are witnessing [process: doing] the recovery effort from the inside [circumstance]. Saori Kanesaki, who once guided visitors around Fukushima Daiichi, is [process: being] one of 16,000 residents of Tomioka who were [process: being] driven from their homes last March [circumstance]. "Before [circumstance] the accident it [concrete: specialized] was [process: being] my job to tell visitors that nuclear power [concrete: specialized] was [process: being] safe[range: quality]," says[process :saying ] Kanesaki, who now works at the plant for a Tepco affiliate. "But given the situation, if I [concrete: specialized] were to tell[process: saying] them [beneficiary]that now … I [concrete: everyday] would be lying [process: sensing: behaving]." Read More

The affects modifies the literal feeling into modifications of effective mental and behavioural processes, as well as modal adjustments, such as quality, process, behavioural, and comments. Judgment, according to Caffarel, et al. (2004), deals with the attitude towards behaviour that can make an individual or group of individuals to admire, criticize, recommend, praise, or condemn a person, situation, policy, institution, etc. Judgment examines the region of meaning that construe attitudes towards others and how they behave and their characters.

Generally, judgment is categorized under social esteem (normality, capacity and tenacity) and social sanction (veracity and propriety). Appreciation on the other hand involves evaluation of natural and the semiotic factors based on how they are valued and given from the field. Appreciation directly depends on the report that turns into evaluation of things. Appreciation comprises of reactions of things (attention) and their composition (balance and complexity) as well as their value (innovation, authentic, and timely).

Graduation involves qualifying the feeling, attitude, appreciation, judgment as well as the affects in order to make some literal and semantic sense. Theoretical Background The analysis in this paper is based on the theoretical work of systematic functional linguistics. It draws it theory from the metafunctions of language in a social activity. It is therefore basically concerned with three general social functions; interpersonal, ideational, and textual. Interpersonal metafunctions tries to enact people’s relationship, while the ideational function on the other hand tries to represent peoples’ experience.

The analysis of this paper is also based on the theoretical rules on appraisal system that is critical in the analysis of the interpersonal system. Martin and Rose (2007) consider evaluation of attitudes as a communication within discourse. According to the implications of Martin and Rose (p25), for the different kinds of attitudes that are negotiated in a text, the strength of the feelings involved and the ways in which values are sourced and readers are aligned. In this case, there are three basic systems for appraisal attitude and graduation.

Whereas the textual metafunctions to organize discourse as meaningful text. Attitude There are three fundamentals of attitudes. They include; affect, judgment, and appreciation. Attitudes can be positive or negative. However, affect evaluates people’s feeling while judgment evaluates people’s characters or behaviours and appreciation evaluates things. The table below shows the classification of the positive and the negative attitudes. Components of Attitude Positive Attitude Negative Attitude Affect: Dis/Inclination Un/happiness In/security Contain Abandoned, roared Alive, awe Sad, sick at heart, heart broken, depressed, low, down fleeing Safe, well protected, safety Deserted, mangled, fleeing, catastrophe, collapsed ,damaged, coiled, explosion, panic Judgment Admire (positive) Criticize (negative) rise above twisted , rarely, disused Catastrophic, ruptured rubble uninhabitable More critically, affect values are categorised into three sub-categories such as un/happiness, in/security and dis/sastification.

Appreciation on the other hand has three types such as reaction, composition, and valuation. Graduation Graduation is defined as the values by which human graduates raise or lower their interpersonal affect, force or volume of their utterances. It is also the values by which they graduate blue or sharpen the focus on their semantic classifications. Ideational Analysis Ideation refers to the literal aspect of forming ideas and relating them in their contexts in terms of events and activities that individuals do.

Through ideation, literal texts are conceived, generated, and implemented, the ideas that are basically resulting from the mental activities from one opinion, knowledge, convictions, principles, or thoughts to another.

Read More